The males without females dominate the field of science and mathematics, and according to the United Nations data, less than 30% of scientific researchers around the world are women.
Studies have shown that women are not encouraged to enter into the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) or that their interest in them is less than an early age, and a poll was found in 2017, commissioned by Microsoft, that young girls in Europe show interest in those fields of age11 years old, then they lose their attention quickly when they are 15 years old.According to the Pew Research Center, women remain a weak representative in engineering, computer science and physical sciences.
Despite the challenges of gender discrimination and lack of recognition in scientific circles, countless women who are pioneering in these areas have provided historical contributions to science and helped to enhance the understanding of the world around us.Many of them have not been recognized in their lives, but their achievements helped generations of scholars.
According to the "CNN" website, everyone knows the two worlds, Marie Curry and Jin -Godal, for example, but there are many other worlds that must be known to such eight..
Liz Mitner (1878-1968) contributed important developments in the field of nuclear physics.She was the first woman to become a professor of physics in Germany.Her work in nuclear fission had a major role in the long research of Auto Han, the Nobel Prize winner of Chemistry in 1944, and many scientists have later argued that it was unfair because its contributions were not recognized on an equal footing by the Nobel Committee.
This Austrian physicist was also defending the peaceful use of atomic energy and categorically refused to work in the Manhattan project because it strongly opposed the use of fission to make an atomic bomb.Today, many prestigious prizes are named in physics in honor of Mitner, and a chemical component in its name "Maitnerium" has been named..
Alice Paul (1892-1916) is the first woman and the first African American to obtain a master's degree from Hawaii University, to become the first chemist at the same university.At the age of 23, she developed a radical treatment for leprosy, which was only a little chance to recover.But she died before she was able to publish the results of her research, so the President of Hawaii University tried to demand the research to himself until the previous supervisor spoke to Paul publicly that she deserves the credit for the savior of life.Paul's achievements have not been fully recognized until the 21st century.
Grace Hopper (1906-1992) is a computer programmer that helped develop multiple computer languages, and is considered one of the first programmers in the era of modern computing.After obtaining a master's and doctorate degree in mathematics from Yale University, she got an impressive profession in the US Navy.Throughout the Second World War, she also worked in a high -level laboratory responsible for very secret accounts such as deprivation of mine sweepers, and calculating the scope of anti -aircraft and mathematics cannons behind the establishment of a Blutnium bomb..
Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) was the data of British chemistry scientist and DNA research..James Watson and Francis Crick have used its data to find the results of their research on the DNA model.
According to many in the scientific circles, you should have received the Nobel Prize alongside Watson, Crick and Morris Wilkins, who obtained it in 1962, that is, four years after Franklin's death, and it was possible to give her the award even after her death at that time, butThat did not happen.
Dorothy Hodgkin (1910-1994) British chemical, in 1964 became the first British woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "to be identified by biochemical structures important with X-ray techniques".It has achieved many advanced discoveries, including the detection of the atomic composition of the penicillin, the vitamin B12 structure and the insulin structure, and it was able to complete its innovative insulin research and improve diabetes treatments..She also became the second woman to win the prestigious merit in the United Kingdom in 1965.
Barbara McClantok (1902-1992) This American plant was responsible for many of the leading discoveries in the field of genetics after her decades career in studying the genetic composition of the atom.McClantok studied how genetic characteristics are transmitted across generations.She won the National Science Medal in 1971 and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1983 "to discover mobile genetic elements" now called Transposons.
To Yoyo (1930-Now) I discovered a new treatment for malaria that saved millions of people, and Tu and her research team were able to extract "Artemisinin", which is crushed by malaria from "wormwood", as she volunteered to be the first person to test this substance.She is now the chief scientist at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a position it has reached without obtaining a medical or doctorate degree or research training abroad.She won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2015.
Maria Winkelman (1670-1720) is a leader in German astronomy.In 1902, she became the first woman to discover a new sin.Her husband, Gutverd Kirch, published this discovery in his name, and he did not publicly reveal that she is the real person behind the discovery of the comet until after years.
