Abu Anis did not realize that there is something unusual that happens around him except when he heard the sounds of explosions coming from the old city on the West Bank of the Tigris River, which divides Mosul into two sides.
"Some of the friends there, and they said that armed groups took control of the city, some of whom are foreigners and some of them are Iraqis.The gunmen said to them, "We came to get rid of the Iraqi army, and help you", "Thus, the computer technician, Abu Anis, recalled the anniversary of that day.
The next day, gunmen crossed the river and seized the remaining part of the city.However, the Iraqi army and police, who were out of the attackers, were a large difference, separated and escaped, led by the officers, while many soldiers took off their military clothes to join the crowd of terrified civilians..
This was on March 10, 2014, following the fall of the second largest Iraqi city, with a population of two million people, in the grip of militias from the group that was calling itself at the time the "Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant" (ISIS) at the time..
Four days before that day, the black flags poured into the city, and through a few hundred of the desert elements in a procession that was launched from the organization's bases in eastern Syria, and only received limited resistance on its way to win its grand prize..
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The abundant spoils were waiting for them.The Iraqi army, which the Americans rebuilt, trained and equipped with equipment after the US -led Iraq invaded in 2003, gave up large quantities of armored vehicles and advanced weapons where the militias acquired them immediately.They were also said that they looted about 500 million dollars from the Central Bank branch in Mosul.
Abu Anis said: "Initially, they acted well.They removed all the pariats that the army placed among the neighborhoods.This was upset for people.They were friendly and cooperating at the checkpoints, and they used to say: If you need anything, we are here for you..
But a few weeks have passed..
With the collapse of the army in the entire northern region, the militias moved quickly through the Tigris Valley, and the towns and villages fell one after the other as domino stones.It was barely a day until the organization's militants seized the town of Baiji, including the huge oil refinery, and then they also also seized the old Sunni town of Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's birthplace.
On the outskirts of Tikrit, there is a large military base, which was controlled by the Americans since 2003, and its name has changed to the Spyker camp, relative to the first American dead in the second Gulf War, the "Desert Storm", a pilot named Scott Spyker, shot down his plane in 1991 in the Anbar region in western Iraq.
Then the Islamic State militias surrounded that camp, which was filled with Iraqi recruits, and the entire camp surrendered.Thousands of prisoners were classified according to their affiliations, so the Shiites were taken, registered and transported in trucks away to shoot them in pre -prepared trenches..It is believed that about 1.700 people were killed in this massacre in cold blood.Search operations for mass graves are still ongoing.
Instead of the organization hiding its brutal crimes, it was delighted to display videos and pictures on the Internet showing its black elements who take the Shiite prisoners and shoot them..
As for pride and joy with cruelty and brutal actions, what happened after that was more ugly.
After only two months hiatus, ISIS, who became known as the "Islamic State", appeared in its head again to capture large areas in northern Iraq inhabited by the Kurds..
The city of Sinjar, with the Yazidi majority, was this religious minority that the organization considers a group of heretics, among those areas.
Hundreds of Yazidis were killed who could not escape.As for women and children, they were separated from each other and then they took a war spi.Thousands are still missing, they face this fate.
The thirst of the organization, which intentionally be shocking, has reached the end of blood at the end of the same month, in August 2014.
The organization broadcast a video clip showing a bad header, Muhammad Amwazi, the London accent, who was nicknamed as the rare in the name of "Jihad John", as he kills American journalist James Foley in a chilling way..
In subsequent weeks, more American and British aid journalists and relief staff, including Stephen Sotleov, David Hainz, Alan Henning and Peter Casig (whose Islam and his name and his name to Abdul Rahman) were slaughtered in similar videos that are elaborate and directed, did not deviate from the promotional dataFor organizing and wasting warnings.
Within months, the Islamic State, which was nothing but an immersed group, split its way towards the world, adopting bombings here and there, and overnight, it became the focus of attention of the world.
A distance of seven and a half miles, equivalent to 12 thousand kilometers from the organization controlled by the organization, Tony Abbott, the Australian Prime Minister at the time, summarized this new horror that the forehead enlightens, speaking about the organization: "The barbarism of the medieval centuries, the crimes committed and increased expansion, with the help of helpWith the latest technological means ".
The Islamic State has emerged, pointing out the world's view of it.But these black men did not come without warning.They have been preparing for that long.
The religious or ideological roots of the Islamic State and the similar groups throughout history extend since the beginning of the emergence of Islam in the seventh century AD.
Islam, like Christianity, was revealed six centuries before it, and Judaism eight centuries ago, in the Middle East region with its harsh tribal nature..
William Polk wrote, the historian and publisher, "Judaism and Arabic tribal societies were reflected in the original texts, that is, the Old Testament and the Qur’an, neither early Judaism nor Islam allow apostasy.Each of them is considered an authoritarian bonus..
تخطى البودكاست وواصل القراءةالبودكاستمراهقتي (Morahakaty)Teenage taps, from the presentation of a dignity as a vehicle and prepared by Mays Baqi.
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He continued, "The laws stipulated in the Old Testament were aimed at preserving tribal cohesion and power and their support. As for the texts of the Qur’an, they aimed to eradicate the remaining paganism and the accompanying practices.".
With the passage of years, Islam spread in vast regions, facing and in accordance with different societies, religions and cultures.He did not find a change in change, in terms of practices, in various ways, to become more pragmatic and tolerant at times, and in many cases it was placed in the second status after the requirements of power, politics and temporary rulers at other times..
As for the traditional militant Muslim, those practices are promoted to deviate from the straight path, and for many years, conflicts occurred in ideas, but those who called for a strict return to the "purity" of the first days of Islam, they have always paid the price.
The prominent scientist Ahmed bin Hanbal (780 to 855), who founded one of the four Sunni schools of thought in Islamic jurisprudence, was imprisoned once until he fell unconscious in one of the differences with the Abbasid caliph Al -Mamoun in Baghdad.About five centuries later, one of the great imams of the same strict fundamentalist doctrine, Imam Ibn Taymiyyah, died in prison in Damascus in the era of Nasser Qalawun.
These two sheikhs are the spiritual parents of those who came after them from thinkers and the movements that appeared, later known as the "Salafi school of thought", which calls for a return to the curriculum of the righteous predecessors.
He affected another person who came after them, his thinking and his writings had a huge and continuous impact on the region and the Salafi movement, and from one of its forms, Wahhabism, which was named after the name of this man.
Muhammad ibn Abd al -Wahhab was born in 1703 in a small village in the Najd area, in the heart of the Arabian Peninsula.
Abdel -Wahab, an Islamic scholar, took the most committed and strict trend than what he saw as the original doctrine and developed it, and sought to spread it by concluding covenants with the people of political and military authority.
In his first attempts in this direction, the first action taken by the demolition of the shrine of Zaid bin Al -Khattab, one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, citing that the Salafi faith that calls for asceticism and austerity requires that glorify the domes are polytheism in God, because of the sanctification of something or someone other than God.
But in 1744, Abdel -Wahab entered into a historic alliance with the local ruler, Muhammad bin Saud, in the form of a charter that made the Wahhabi call the religious or intellectual dimension of Saudi political and military expansion, and that was in the interest of both parties.
This bilateral alliance, which has occurred with many amendments, has spread to the most of the Arabian Peninsula, and is still continuing to this day, according to which the Al Saud family is ruled in compliance with the militant Wahhabi religious establishment, although this consensus has passed some difficult periods.
The Wahhabi Salafism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, along with billions of petrodolrat (paid oil returns in dollars), which was placed at its disposal, provided a fertile environment for the growth of jihadist violence in the region in the modern era.
But there is a man who always attributes the credit for evoking the ancestral thought to the twentieth century, and it is inspired by the blame at other times, and he is the Egyptian thinker Sayyid Qutb.Qutb worked to provide a bridge between the thought of Abdel -Wahab and his people and a new generation of jihadists, paving the way for the emergence of al -Qaeda and everything that followed later..
Sayyid Qutb was born in a small village in Upper Egypt in 1906, but he was rejecting the way Islam was taught and practiced at the time..His studies in the United States, which lasted for two years in the late 1940s, has never changed from his view of the West. On the contrary, he increased his resentment from the society on which he issued a judgment as material, infidel and indulged in the pleasures, which was reflected in his fundamentalist Islamic view that began to takeTougher.
And when he returned to Egypt, he had a view to the view that the West is working to extend its influence in the region, directly or indirectly, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War with rulers in the region claiming to be Muslims, but in fact they have deviated from the right pathA deviation and no longer considered them among Muslims.
From the point of view of Qutb, jihad against the West and its customers in the region is the only way that the Islamic world will restore its glory through.This was in essence, a kind of acceptance of the idea of atonement, which not only justifies the killing of a Muslim, but also makes his killing an assumption of the perpetrator..
Although Qutb was more than an active jihadist and thinker, the Egyptian authorities tried Sayyid Qutb on charges of trying to overthrow the regime, and was executed in 1966 after being convicted of charges of conspiracy with the Muslim Brotherhood to assassinate President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
But Qutb was previously for his era, and his ideas were immortalized in 24 books read by tens of millions, and transferred them to others through his personal communication with his knowledge of people, among them was the Egyptian Ayman Al -Zawahiri, who is the current leader of al -Qaeda..
"Qutb was the most influential in our generation," said a friend close to al -Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden..It was also described as: "The Source of Jihadist Thought" and "The Philosopher of the Islamic Revolution".
After 35 years of execution, the report of the official committee in charge of investigating the attacks of September 11, 2001, was concluded that Al -Qaeda has adopted, that "bin Laden, Sayyid Qutb, participates in his hard -line opinion, which allows him and his followers to justify mass killing as a legitimate defenseAbout a doctrine facing a war..
And its influence has remained remaining today."They are based on two things: a takfiri doctrine that they derive from the writings of Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab, and systematically, the path that Sayyid Qutb drew.".
So, the jurisprudence of armed jihad took his way, but only two things were missing to go to the light, namely the battlefield and strategic experts to determine the shape of the battle.
Afghanistan provided the right place for both.
The Soviet invasion was in 1979 and the subsequent occupation of 10 years, an attractive factor that attracted those who joined the ranks of the Mujahideen from all over the Arab world.About 35,000 of them flocked to Afghanistan during this period, for jihad and supporting the Muslim armed militias in converting the battlefield in front of the Russians to a new Vietnam.
There is no strong evidence that those who were later known as "Afghan Arabs" played a pivotal combat role in removing the Soviets from Afghanistan..However, they contributed a great contribution to the establishment of supportive networks in Pakistan, to take advantage of the funds coming from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other donors to finance schools and gunmen training camps.This was an opportunity to form networks and establish solid relationships, as well as facing the experience of jihad to face.
The strange thing is that the Mujahideen in Afghanistan found themselves fighting alongside the Americans.The CIA has pumped through the "Seiklon Operation" program hundreds of millions of dollars through Pakistan to the leaders of the Afghan Mujahideen, such as the heart.
In fact, all the prominent faces in the world of the new Mujahideen went through the fighting experience on the ground for the first time in Afghanistan.They contributed to directing the course of events there in the wake of the withdrawal of the Soviet army in 1989, the period that witnessed the emergence of al -Qaeda as a widespread global jihad tool, and Afghanistan provided its base..
When the Taliban took over in 1996, it was already in partnership with Osama bin Laden and his men, and from Afghanistan, the base launched its attacks on September 11, 2001.
This Afghan experience, which was the stage of training, provided Salafi jihadist leaders who helped them in fighting, and strategic experts who later played a viable role in the emergence of the Islamic State now.
The most prominent of these hard -line Jordanian Abu Musab Al -Zarqawi, who ended up to become the direct spiritual leader of the Islamic State than anyone else.
Al -Zarqawi, who did not complete his high school, spent the prison sentence for the first time when he was sentenced to sexes related to sex and drugs, then he went to religion after he was sent to attend lessons in a mosque in the Jordanian capital Amman.His arrival in Pakistan coincided with joining the ranks of the Mujahideen in Afghanistan with the withdrawal of the Soviet army in 1989, but he remained there in the ranks of the Mujahideen.
After returning to Jordan, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison on charges of terrorist acts, before being released under a general amnesty..Finally, Al -Zarqawi bin Laden and his deputy, Ayman al -Zawahiri, met in 1999.
However, all the accounts indicate that the leaders of al -Qaeda did not rise to Zarqawi at all.They seemed rude and sclerotic, just as they did not like the tattoos drawn on his body from his previous life, which he could not remove..
However, he was able to influence others and was active, and although he did not join al -Qaeda, they eventually entrusted him with the responsibility of a training camp in Harar, west of Afghanistan..
There he worked side by side with another theorist whose hard -line writings have become a sacred reference whereby bloodshed, Abu Abdullah Al -Muhajir.
The immigrant wrote in his book, "Issues of Jurisprudence of Jihad", which is generally referred to as "the jurisprudence of blood"..His writings provide the legal cover that justifies most of the brutal abuses, as well as the killing of the Shiites, as infidels, and their beneficiaries of the Sunnis, as they are apostates.
The other book, which is seen as an Islamic State’s guidelines, and its predecessors of organizations, and perhaps as the book “My Struggle”, which Hitler wrote, for the Nazis, is the book “Management of Mash” by Abu Bakr Naji, who appeared on the Internet in 2004.
Naji wrote in it: "We need killing and we need to do as happened with the Bani Qurayza, so the policy of distress must be followed so that if the demands are not implemented, the hostages will be filtered in a horrific manner that ejaculates terror," referring to a Jewish tribe that lived in the Arabian Peninsula in the centurySeventh.
Nagy's perfect brutality vacation was part of a broader strategy to pave the way for an Islamic caliphate.In his book, part of which is based on the lessons learned Afghanistan, he presents a detailed plan for how to provoke the West until they intervene militarily and this will incite Muslims to gather for jihad, which will lead to the inevitable fall of the enemy.
This possible scheme is not purely, if it took into account that the Soviet Union collapsed only two years after its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
Naji was said to be killed in a raid by a drone on the Pakistani Waziristan region in 2008.
In 2001, the conditions of the jihadists changed a radical change after the September 11 attacks on the United States, which bombed and its allies, Afghanistan, invaded its lands, to eradicate the Taliban from it, and launched a "war on terror" wider against al -Qaeda..
Bin Laden was hidden in the tunnels, while Al -Zarqawi and others fled fleeing, and this has informed the enthusiasm of the sporadic militias, who needed another square to fight to fight to provoke their Western enemies and face them..
Luck was their ally, and it was not a long time until the Americans and their allies gave them this opportunity.
It turned out that their invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003 was not at all justified in terms of the motives they chose..
With the dismantling of all the buildings of the state and security and the demobilization of thousands of soldiers and Sunni officials, they created the "brutal" state in its entirety, or the violent chaos, which was depicted by Abu Bakr Naji, so that the Mujahideen live in its confines.
Iraq was on its way until what US officials called today the "main tumor" from which ISIS will spread in the region.
The Sunnis, under the regime of the Baath Party, which was led by Saddam Hussein with an iron fist, occupied the forefront in Iraq from the Shiite majority, who have close ties to the Shiite sect through the Iranian border.
The US -led military intervention was stripped of their advantages, thus making great discontent and providing fertile soils to strike Salafi jihadists in them..
And soon they were able to distinguish their supporters.Then Abu Musab Al -Zarqawi moved there, and within months he organized fierce and brutal provocative attacks directed towards Western targets and the Shiite majority.
Al -Zarqawi, who established a new group called the "Tawhid and Jihad" group in a close alliance with secret cells from the remains of Saddam Hussein's regime, entered, so that the corner of the Sunni rebellion together under the banner: armed jihad and Sunni Iraqi nationalist jihad.
His group claimed responsibility for violent attacks in August 2003, which paved the way for many attacks, most notably: a suicide bombing with a car bombs at the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad, killing the envoy of the United Nations Secretary -General Sergio Vira de Milo and 20 employees, and a bomber bombing car bomb inNajaf resulted in the killing of Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al -Hakim, the prominent Shiite leader, and 80 of his supporters.
While the perpetrators of the jihadists were said, the logistical support was provided by the Baathists who hid and hid out of view.
The following year, the CIA believed that Zarqawi himself was the convincing killer who appeared in a video clip of the American hostage, Nicholas Berg, in response to the violations made by American soldiers against Iraqi detainees in Abu Ghraib prison.
With the intensification of the battle against the Americans and the new Iraqi government that is dominated by the Shiite, Zarqawi led the right of obedience to Ben Laden and his group became the official wing of al -Qaeda in Iraq.
But in fact, the two men were not in agreement.The provocative Zarqawi attacks on the Shiite mosques and markets, and the sectarian massacres that resulted from them, and his passion for spreading the horrific brutal scenes in public, were compatible with the firm and firm thetens of his mind.But it was a cause for the denial of the leadership of al -Qaeda, which was afraid of those who fell on public opinion in the Islamic world.
However, Zarqawi did not show any attention.He moved his violent and vulva militant to his followers after his death in an American air strike in June 2006 in his hideout north of Baghdad.It was easy to get to know his body with tattoos that he had never been able to remove.
Within months, an organization called itself called the "Islamic State in Iraq", under its banner, Al -Qaeda branch, along with other armed factions..
But the road was fraught with difficulties.In January 2007, the Americans increased the number of their forces in Iraq in addition to training the Iraqi army.
The Americans also resorted to persuading the Sunni tribes in Anbar province in western Iraq to stop the support of jihadists and join the Iraqi government's endeavor and the US -led coalition to put out the activity of the militants..Many have already joined them, after obtaining promises to obtain jobs and control their own security.
When the Islamic State leaders in Iraq and al -Qaeda were killed in an Iraqi -American raid targeting their hideout in April 2010, the armed activity of militant groups reached its lowest level, and retreated to remote areas in governorates inhabited by a Sunni majority in Iraq.
The leaders of al -Qaeda and the Islamic State in Iraq have left a new leader, who was then known at that time, Ibrahim Awad Al -Badri, and his nickname Abu Bakr Al -Baghdadi.
Six years later, Al -Baghdadi announced that he is the successor of the Muslims, the Commander of the Faithful and the leader of the Islamic State.
Al -Baghdadi's biography is shrouded in ambiguity and secrecy, so that only a few elements can be taken into account as facts.Al -Baghdadi was born, according to all the accounts, near the city of Samara, north of Baghdad, and was "Al -Baghdadi", perhaps to add the national character to his personality..
Al -Baghdadi was famous that he is from the Quraysh tribe, and this factor may be in addition to his young age. He was born in 1971, a reason for his choice as a leader of the organization.
All accounts agree that at the beginning of his life, he was calm, widely known and a full -time student of Islamic sciences. He obtained a doctorate from the College of Islamic Studies at the University of Baghdad.Some state that he was shy, and is isolated somewhat, as he spent 10 years in a room next to a small Sunni mosque west of Baghdad..
But no one has never said that he had a "charisma".
But it seems that he was a member of an armed Sunni group during the United States -led invasion, as he then chaired the Sharia Committee for this group..The American forces arrested him, and it was said that he spent the largest part of 2004 detained in the "Boca" camp in the south.
The Boca camp, which was named after a firefighter who died in the September 11 attacks, included up to 20 thousand inmates and sacrificed as a university from which many Islamic State leaders graduated from and other militant militants..He gave them an unlimited opportunity to adopt extremist ideologies and learn sabotage skills and publish them as well as developing important relationships and networks of knowledge, all in complete safety under the sight and hearing of their enemies.
There is no doubt that Al -Baghdadi met in the Boca camp, many former military leaders in the Baath Party, and with these leaders Al -Baghdadi later formed this deadly partnership.
Al -Baghdadi, who was not famous at the time, did not raise any concerns among the Americans.So they released him after they saw that he did not represent any major security threat.
But he continued to graduate the leadership ladder of militant groups, away from the eyes of the people.
When Al -Baghdadi grabbed the matter in 2010, the curtain was brought to the jihadists in the "brutality" field in Iraq.
But another field for "brutality" opened to them across the border in neighboring Syria at an appropriate time.In the spring of 2011, the outbreak of the civil war in Syria fled a new square for the conflict and expansion, when the Sunni majority revolted against the authoritarian regime of Bashar al -Assad, in which the reins of government take over the Alawite minority..
Al -Baghdadi sent his men there, and by December 2011, Damascus witnessed explosions with car bombs, which later found that its perpetrator was the "Al -Nusra Front", which was surrounded by secrecy and confidentialAl -Golani, who was sent by Al -Baghdadi, but he had his own ideas.
Al -Nusra, which was crowded with a wide range of opposition groups in Syria, has enjoyed great support on the ground, for its effective combat skills that were characterized by boldness and courage, and the flow of funds and foreign fighters coming to support the group emanating from Al Qaeda.The Al -Nusra Front was adopting a moderate Salafi approach to others, and was able to develop local relations.
The Al -Nusra Front organization began to escape from Al -Baghdadi's control, and this did not like.Al -Baghdadi tried in April 2013 to regain control, declaring that Al -Nusra is under his leadership in the new Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, and since then, the "Islamic State in Iraq and Syria" appeared on the scene.
The so -called organization of the state, throughout the short period full of turmoil in which he imposed itself on the scene, leading the headlines of the news, causing the world to be confused due to its change of its name from time to time, in a reflection of its changing aspirations..That is why there is no global consensus on how to refer to the organization.
In the wake of the emergence of the Islamic State in Iraq, its spread in Syria required adding the word "and the Levant" to its name.
Many in the West may affect the use of the abbreviated "ISIS" "ISIS" in English, as the last letter "S" refers to Syria or the Levant, but the American administration chose the word "ISIL", as the last letter L "refers to the east in English.
After the expansion of the Islamic State by including more lands and increasing its aspirations, the organization exceeded the geographical area and called itself the "Islamic state".However, many countries of the world refused to refer to this name for political reasons, for fear that he would give it a legal character.
The British Broadcasting Corporation "BBC" in general decided to call it in the first reference in the article "what is known" or "the so -called" the "Islamic State", then the "Islamic State" in the rest of the article.
Al -Golani made an obedience stick, and renewed the right of loyalty to the global leadership of al -Qaeda, led by Ayman al -Zawahiri, succeeding Laban Laden after his death in 2011.Al -Zawahiri Al -Baghdadi ordered that he will return again as the Islamic State in Iraq and leave the Al -Nusra Front, to become the al -Qaeda wing in Syria to continue its command alone..
But Al -Baghdadi is offering orders issued by the headquarters.
Prior to the end of 2013, the dispute between the Islamic State and the Al -Nusra Front intensified, and hundreds of violent clashes were killed between the two teams, and the Al -Nusra Front and its allies from the Syrian opposition factions were finally able to remove the Islamic State from most lands northwestern Syria.
But the Islamic State controlled the city of Raqqa, the capital of the Raqqa Governorate in the northeast, and made it its capital.Many foreign jihadists who had been fighting in the ranks of Jabhat al -Nusra have moved to the Islamic State, because they saw him more thicker and strictly from Al -Nusra.At the beginning of 2014, al -Qaeda was officially discharged from the Islamic State.
The Islamic State was liberated from the restrictions that were linking it to the mother group.However, he lost a lot of lands, and he was trying to grow his anger.His main slogan is almost "staying and continuing".
Fortune has smiled at the organization again, as the situation was completely prepared for the Mujahideen in Iraq.After the departure of the Americans, at the end of 2011, the spark of the revolution caught in the Sunni regions again, and its reins of the sectarian policies of the Shiite Prime Minister, Nuri al -Maliki.The Sunnis felt that they are marginalized and persecuted.
When the Islamic State decided to move, no difficulties faced by the support he received.In fact, the organization did not leave Iraq, but it was working in secret.When ISIS invaded the Sunni cities and villages quickly, in June 2014, the sleeper cells of the Salafi Mujahideen and the militants who were affiliated with Saddam Hussein came out, and other sympathizers from their place and helped them to extend their influence.
After the seizure of Mosul, the Islamic State began smoothly entering into a new stage.The Islamic State is no longer a secret terrorist group. Rather, it has become, by negligence, a jihadist army that threatens the Iraqi state, but also challenges the entire world..
The most important features of the change that occurred to the organization were in the announcement of the "Islamic State" on June 29, to replace all the forms that the organization has taken before, and the "caliphate" establishment..A few days later, the caliph Ibrahim, known as Abu Bakr al -Baghdadi, appeared suddenly in Mosul on the pulpit of the great historical Nur al -Din al -Zanki Mosque, with a history of the struggle against the two crosses.He called on the Muslims of the world to mobilize and fight in its ranks.
By announcing the establishment of a succession and the use of the comprehensive name "an Islamic state", it has become clear that he was putting his eyes in the ends far from Syria and Iraq.He is aiming to achieve global goals.
The Caliphate Declaration was of great importance and its echoes in the Islamic world.Although the caliphate remains the greatest goal, bin Laden and other al -Qaeda leaders have avoided it for fear of failure.Now Al -Baghdadi used a trump card to outperform the mother group, paving the way for the Islamic State to compete with al -Qaeda to compete with the peer for the leadership of the global jihad..
Hence, Al -Baghdadi's inauguration is a successor to the Islamic State.
Most of the Islamic scholars and references, not to mention the Arab and Muslim leaders, believe that the claims of the leader of this violent extremist faction are not any legitimacy at all, and there is no urgent reason that requires dependence in the arms of the new caliphate.However..
Four months after the Caliphate announced, he was the first to join a group of militants in Libya, which was announced by allegiance and loyalty to Al -Baghdadi, and was followed by one month after the Ansar Beit Al -Maqdadia Group in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.The Islamic State's arms in Africa penetrated in March 2015 with the announcement of the Boko Haram group in Nigeria allegiance and loyalty.It was not a year until the Islamic State has become branches or wings in 11 countries, although the lands it controls only in five countries, including Iraq and Syria.
In these two main countries, Al -Baghdadi and his followers began implementing the state project on the ground, by applying his violent view of Islamic rule.
For the outside world, which cannot reach the areas under the Islamic State, he was shocked and severely shocked by the organized demolition of the ancient archaeological and cultural heritage sites..
Some of the most famous and popular sites were destroyed, including a temple, and even with a cumin in a city that was destroyed in Syria, and the cities of Al -Hadr and Al -Nimrod of the Assyrians in Iraq.
The attack on the famous archaeological sites was not limited to, but the old churches and monasteries, the Shiite mosques and their lactation were also destroyed, and all that embodies the pictures of people of any kind, and the inscriptions were removed until the inscriptions of the Sunni mosques.
It was no longer a month to seize Mosul, until the demolition teams organized the Islamic State by blowing up the shrine of Imam Aoun al -Din, whose construction dates back to the thirteenth century and he stood before the invasion of the Mongols.
All of this is fully compatible with the Islamic State's extremist approach to the application of Islam, and they are forbidden to photograph all kinds and build the shrines on the pretext that it is sanctification of other than God, and everything that non -Muslims built is only pagan effects.
This is the same approach in force in Saudi Arabia, so its kings and princes are buried to this day in graves without evidence.
Undoubtedly, the Islamic State, by publishing videos on the Internet showing its gunmen, actions that the world's view sees the crimes of deliberate sabotage of cultural heritage, was intended to intimidate the world.From this standpoint, these works are the cultural compensation for beheading the heads of relief employees.
There is a practical and profitable aspect of the Islamic State's attack on the cultural heritage, as the house of the Muslim state’s money is issued by ISIS..
But what was hidden was the greatest, as the Islamic State has placed a complex intention for government and control, since the organization has strengthened its feet in the lands subject to its control, which enabled it to penetrate every aspect.
It is inferred from the documents obtained and published by the German magazine Deir Spiegel last year, on the role of some members of the former Baathist Party in establishing the Islamic State and its departments in a highly organized and coordination, with a great deal of attention to intelligence and security..
Residents of the Sunni regions, such as Mosul and Fallujah in Iraq, and the sophistication in Syria, realized that the secret agents of the Islamic State teach almost every small and large for each person, since they moved to their lands and took control of it in 2014.
At checkpoints, the organization's militants are verified by the ID cards at the database preserved on the laptop laptops they obtained from government agencies or employee records..
It was necessary for the former members of the security forces to go to private mosques to declare "repentance", hand over their weapons, then receive a paper that helps themselves..
One of the inhabitants of Mosul said, "In the beginning, all they did is that they changed the imams of the mosques and came to people who adopt the same opinions.".
He continued: "But they tightened their grip after that, and it is no longer allowed for women who are not veiled to go out without a veil first and then the veil later..They also ordered the men to launch beards and wear short pants, and they banned cigarettes, hookah, music and cafes, then followed this by a decision prohibiting watching TV and using mobile phones.The compounds of the Hasbah (literature police) roam the streets in search of violators..
A resident of Fallujah lists the facts of the story of a lesser -young taxi driver who did not wear the veil, then stopped by one of the Islamic State checkpoints, gave the girl a veil and then left her to go, while the driver was sent to an Islamic court and was sentenced to two months in prison and a part of the Qur’an was preserved,With the repeated punishment if he does not complete his memorization.
And the residents of Fallujah continued: "They have courts with judges and officials, records and files, and there are specific penalties for each crime, because the matter is not run by randomness.Tannin is translated to death, and the thiefs are cut off, and the death sentence is executed in gay people by giving them from high buildings..The throat is not thrown with bullets, while prisoners from the Shiite militias cut their heads..
The Islamic State rules its control, through its departments, on all aspects of life, including money, agriculture, education, transportation, health, social welfare and facilities..
The curricula have been a comprehensive amendment to match the teachings and beliefs of ISIS, as history was rewritten and all the photos were removed from the textbooks, and the English language is no longer a place in the curricula.
The resident of Mosul said: "The only thing you can say is that there is never corruption, and there is no mediation, they are completely certain that they are walking on the right path.".
There is a recent story that reveals a lot about the Islamic State and the methods it follows.
When the Iraqi security forces were crawling towards the lands surrounding Ramadi, at the beginning of this year, the civilians were fleeing the battle, as well as the Islamic State fighters escaping from them after their defeat..
Two women, who escaped from the battlefield, rushed to the police checkpoint.
When the police officers gave them to give them safety, one of them suddenly turned towards the police, and pointed to the other, saying: "This is not a woman, but he is one of the Islamic State princes.".
The police investigated the matter, and it turned out that she was honest..It turns out that this man tops the list of the Islamic State princes wanted for justice.
"When ISIS arrived, this prince was killed, my husband, who was a policeman, raped me, and then took me a wife for him.I endured staying with him with this time, until you have been disturbed by my husband and my master.Therefore, I lured him to fly his chin and put the ornamental powders, then informed the police about him..
After the gunmen seized vast areas of Iraqi lands following the sweeping attack in June 2014, they were expected to calm down to enhance their gains.
However..
The attack by ISIS has already raised the alarm for fear of approaching Baghdad, which prompted the Americans to use the experiences of hundreds of military advisers and coaches to find out how to help the Iraqi army..
Just two months later, in the wake of the attack by the Islamic State on Kurdish lands in the north, the United States launched air strikes in defense of the Kurdish capital Erbil, then help to stop the genocide of the Yazidis..Then 14 countries later joined the air campaign.
Ten days later, the Islamic State cut the head of James Foley and others after him, in line with the doctrine of brutality for the sake of punishment, abuse and provocation.However, the most atrocious one occurred after a few months, when the Jordanian pilot, Moaz Al -Kasasbeh, who was shot down by his plane, was burned..The intimidation was intended.
The US -led military campaign expanded to extend to Syria in September 2014 after the Islamic State besieged the town of Kobani (Ain al -Arab) under the control of the Kurds on the Turkish border..
There, the air strikes of the coalition changed the course of events, as the Islamic State lost hundreds of fighters who were killed in Kobani and other places..The Islamic State began calling for more reprisals, and its call has spread widely.
Since the announcement of the caliphate until the beginning of 2016, about 70 terrorist attacks carried out by ISIS militants or sympathizers in 20 countries around the world, from California to Sydney, and the death toll of about 1,200 victims were estimated.The attacks carried the same message of punishment, deterrence and provocation by beheading the hostages, with proof along the influence of the Islamic State globally.
At the same time, the Islamic State carried out the doctrine of the gunmen that require the dispersal of the enemy by setting fire to separate locations in order to dispel its resources in search of security.The Islamic State believes that the enemy is everyone who joins the Islamic state.The world is divided into the state of Islam and the state of disbelief.
Among the most prominent atrocities committed by the organization was to shoot down the Russian plane on the Sinai on October 31, followed by the Paris attacks on November 13, provoking Russia and France to intensify their air strikes on the Islamic State targets in Syria.
Is the madness of the Islamic State crazy?He seemed to be determined to challenge the whole world.He was pushing Americans, Russians and many other countries to confront him.Although he has only 40,000 fighters, according to the organization's account, while other estimates indicate that the number of fighters is less than half of this number.
Will he really be able to challenge world powers and escape the consequence of confrontation?Is President Barack Obama's sword on his promise to "weaken (the organization's organization) and then finally defeat it?".
If there is something to suggest that the challenge of the Islamic State in a way that leads the world to the lips of the abyss, then this is really the case.
When the organization issued its first magazine online, which was the main tool for reviewing power and recruitment, one month after the "Caliphate" announced, the selection of the name (Dabiq) was not by chance..
Dabiq, a small city north of Aleppo, was mentioned in an interview with the Prophet, indicating one of the signs of the hour before the end of the world according to the beliefs of the Islamic State.
Each number of Dabiq numbers begins with a quotation from Abu Musab Al -Zarqawi: “And here is the spark that has been fascinated in Iraq and its dust will grow, God willing, until the armies of the cross are burned in Dabiq.”.
The idea of this final major epic to achieve martyrdom for the sake of God and winning paradise is one of the ideas that send enthusiasm in the hearts of those who are interested in calling for the organization of the Islamic call to jihad.
This explains why the organization attracts more and more recruits who do not care about the bombing of themselves in suicide attacks, which the organization calls "martyrdom operations".
Hundreds were killed in this way, and these operations occur almost daily.
This is one of the elements that make it more difficult to fight the Islamic State.
Masroor Barzani, head of security and intelligence in the Kurdish government in northern Iraq, tells a suicide bomber that was disappointed and frustrated when his attempt to detonate himself did not succeed and shouted in his believers, "I was only 10 minutes away from the company of the Prophet Muhammad.".
"They think they are winners, whether they killed you or were killed.If they kill you, they won the battle, and if they were killed, they won the paradise.It is difficult to prevent people from thinking in this way from attacking you.Therefore, the only way to win them is their eradication..
Perhaps for the first time in military history, since the Japanese Kamikaz units in World War II, ISIS is using suicide bombers, not only in the remarkable terrorist attacks that it waged from time to time, but as one of the usual military methods it uses in the battlefield.
Most of the Islamic State attacks begin with cars or car bombs driven by a suicide bomber from the target, in preparation for the entry of the militants..For this reason, the "Air Force" of the Air Force was called the organization, because they play the same role as the Air Force..
What makes the organization is difficult to seize, is that, as a much stronger combat force than just a fragmentation than the raging fanatics eager to detonate themselves.This is due to Saddam Hussein.
A global intelligence official says, "The former intelligence officers and army during the rule of Saddam Hussein, especially the Republican Guard, are the pillar of the Islamic State..They are adept at transferring people belonging to them from one place to another, re -supplying them with equipment, etc., and in fact, they are more efficient and effective than the Iraqi army..
"The soldiers of this organization enjoy high skill.They use artillery, armored vehicles, heavy equipment, etc..And they can use it.They have officers familiar with the traditional war and know how to plan and how to attack and defend.The forces of the organization are managed at a level of no less than the level of any highly organization traditional forces.Were it not for the help of these officers, ISIS would have been merely a terrorist organization..
The Islamic State would not have achieved this success had it not been for its entry into partnership with the former Baath Party members, whose roots extend to the beginning of Zarqawi to Iraq..
But this does not mean that its fighters do not oppress in the battlefield, as the Kurds in northeastern Syria have confronted them without help from abroad for a year before anyone noticed.Until now, ISIS is making mistakes, which are usual, heavy mistakes.
In December, the organization lost hundreds of fighters in one attack east of Mosul, B..In all, the number of people killed by the coalition launched by 15,000 have been estimated since August 2014.
It seems that they do not find it difficult to compensate for their loss.With this number of Sunni population, which is approximately 10 million people, they command the organization's order and can benefit from them in Syria and Iraq, the organization recruits most of its fighters from within.If the Islamic State remains a rest, a new generation of gunmen will soon come soon.
Bakr Meduloul, who is 24 years old, said he had not "joined the organization with conviction".
The authorities arrested a sign in December at his home in the Sunni neighborhood, south of Baghdad, on charges of involvement in the Islamic State attacks with a car bomb targeting Shiite areas, and he was accused of his charges..
"The observer of construction workers was working in Kurdistan, when ISIS took control of Mosul.The Kurdish security detained him pending the investigation, and in prison, one of the militants who convinced him met to go to Mosul, where he joined the Islamic State and was standing at a checkpoint until it was bombed in an air strike launched by the coalition forces..
Then the organization sent him to Baghdad to help organize attacks with car bomb cars.The vehicles loaded with explosives were sent from outside Baghdad, and his mission was to put them as the observer ordered him, and this is usually in the streets or markets crowded with people..
"Among the five booby -trap.She spoke to him, he was a twenty -second young man, who believes that he would enter Paradise when he dies.This is the easiest and fastest way to enter Paradise.They have a firm belief that this will inevitably happen.They may bomb themselves in heaven.There are those who are older than the thirties and forties of the age..
He continued: "I asked the leaders more than once, is it permissible to kill women and children? And they were answering, all of them, but I did not feel comfortable at all about the killing of women and children, but as soon as they join them, you will remain stuck, and if I tried to evade them, they will say that you are apostate,They will kill you or kill your family..
Bakr realizes that he will be sentenced to death.And I asked him if time returns to him, will he do this again?.So you smile laughing.
He said: "Of course not, I will leave Iraq, away from the Islamic State and the security forces.I took this path without realizing the consequences.It is a road without return.I realized that now..
But in the north in Kurdistan, there is another prisoner from the Islamic State, Muhannad Ibrahim, who does not feel any remorse.
Muhannad Ibrahim, 32, was living in a village near Mosul with his wife and three children, and he was a constructive worker with a Turkish company when the Islamic State extended his influence over the city.His older brothers were killed in battles against American forces in the city between 2004 and 2006.Then he joined the Islamic State without hesitation and he was leading a small battalion when he was captured in a battle with the Kurds.
Ibrahim says: "We were persecuted from the Shiites, they were always insulting us and causing us trouble.But this is not the main motivation. Religious conviction is more important, and all my family are religious, praise be to God.I joined the Islamic State with my religious faith and principles..
He continued: "And if time returns to me, I will take the same way, and to serve the same options.I am convinced of this matter, and to continue until the end, either to be killed, or he threw what God has written for me..
The defeat of the Islamic State militarily is not related to the strength or weakness of the organization, as much as it relates to the defect in the forces that have been lined up to confront it.The strength of the organization lies in the weakness of the failed countries that left their slide into a state of "brutality" space for the organization in order to root and grow.
As the coalition commander, Lieutenant -General Sean McFarland, said in February 2016, Iraq and Syria must be placed in the focus of attention.
"The campaign is three goals: the first goal is to eradicate the main tumor of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria by destroying its positions of its strength in Mosul and Raqqa, and the second goal is to fight the emerging cancer cells resulting from it around the world, while the third goal is to protect our countries from anyattacks".
Undoubtedly, the air strikes launched by the coalition forces, whatever dazzling and effective, have limits.It is not possible to restore the lands controlled by the organization without coordination with a coherent and highly important ground forces.This is the obstacle in Iraq and Syria.
The Kurds in northern Iraq and Syria have made great progress in defeating the Islamic State from the areas they consider to be subject to them, with the help of air strikes..But they cannot expel the Islamic State from all the lands they control in the two countries, and they are not expected to do so, because they will then fly severe sensitivities among the Sunni Arab population who live in the areas of the organization in which its influence is extended..
The forces loyal to the Iraqi government expelled the Islamic State from large areas of Diyala Governorate and from the Tikrit area north of the capital, Baghdad, but this achievement was achieved thanks to the Popular Mobilization Forces that initiated the defense of Baghdad and the south when ISIS advanced towards the southern regions in June 2014 afterThe collapse of the army sectors.
However, relying on these militias in the Sunni -majority areas is fraught with risks.
At the end of the year 2015, it regained control of the city of Ramadi, the capital of Anbar province, in western Iraq, in an attack led by the government's anti -terrorist forces, which was trained by the United States, and they had to remove the Popular Mobilization Forces from this Sunni stronghold.But the anti -terrorist forces are limited in number and incurred heavy losses.Al -Ramadi was destroyed as a result of the battles, and all its residents provided it.
But all of these introductions do not preach to the restoration of control of other Sunni -majority areas in Iraq, where the Islamic State has established its feet, such as the city of Fallujah, which is only 30 miles from Baghdad, and of course the most important of all, the city of Mosul, which is ten times larger thanGray.
It is noteworthy that the chances of achieving real progress against the Islamic State may be greater in Syria, due to the presence of hundreds of warring factions in the full sense of the word, although these opportunities are not strong enough.
The inevitable confrontation of the Islamic State has motivated all the external parties involved in Syria, including the Americans, the Russians, the local and regional allies, to meet their weight for the first time behind a truce and negotiation in order to reach a settlement between the rebels and the regime.
The main idea and reasons behind this is that all parties to fight to fight the Islamic State, to also fight the organization of the Al -Nusra Front, in order to avoid contradiction, as it is a follower of al -Qaeda.It may seem far -reaching, but the United States is doing its best to achieve things that have proven for five years that it is difficult to investigate.
And if only all parties, that is, the rebels, the Kurds, the regular forces, the militias, and their allies from abroad, including the coalition forces and the Russians, are their differences, as much.
The Islamic State in Syria is only concentrated in the city of Raqqa.As his influence in the Sunni society in Syria was not established as much as he established it in Iraq, because the Syrians who intend the regime have multiple ways to express their discontent with it..
So attention is heading again towards Iraq, specifically Mosul, which is ten times.But this is not the only reason for its importance.
A high -ranking Western official in northern Iraq says that "Mosul is the heart of the Islamic State, but rather, in fact, the Islamic State is an Iraqi origin..The tragic fact is that it has become the main Sunni political entity in Iraq at the present time.While the West sees it as a group of obsessive extremists, this is not true at all..
He continued: "This does not mean that the people of Mosul are excited by the presence of the Islamic State, but, from their point of view, it is better than anything that comes from Baghdad.".
There is news in Baghdad and northern Iraq that the Americans seek to launch a campaign to restore Mosul by the end of 2016, taking into account the end of the presidential period of President Obama.But it may not be possible due to the difficulty of establishing reliable land forces, as well as the presence of stifling financial crises that affect both Baghdad and Iraqi Kurdistan..
But if the campaign is implemented, there are fears that the false, short -term victory, if it had already been achieved into a long -term disaster, in the absence of national reconciliation between Sunnis and Shiites since the sectarian violence that occurred after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003.
The discontent of the Sunnah in Iraq is that if the Islamic State had not already existed, the same organization would appear or not.In the absence of reconciliation, and the lack of a Sunnah of empowerment and partnership in a national project, the Islamic State in Iraq will remain in any form, as is the case with the Taliban movement, which has regained its strength and activity recently in Afghanistan despite all the efforts made to eradicate it.
But the Iraqi expert in the affairs of extremist movements, Hisham Al -Hashemi, believes that the Islamic State may incur heavy losses if the coalition succeeds in accomplishing one priority task, which is the killing of Abu Bakr Al -Baghdadi.
Other leaders of groups have been killed, others replaced them, and this did not affect the course of history.But Al -Hashemi believes that it is different with the killing of Al -Baghdadi.
Al -Hashemi says, "The future of the Islamic State depends on Al -Baghdadi. If he is killed, the organization will be divided into itself.Some will affect the completion of the march and the announcement of the creation of a new caliphate, some will declare their defection and return to join Al Qaeda, and others will turn into gangs of the strongest faction gangs on the square, whatever it is..
He continued: "Al -Baghdadi's strength lies in the fact that he is the one who has created an ideological shift, mixing jihadist ideas and security methods of the Iraqi Intelligence Service during the rule of the Baath Party, and this resulted in a state -like organization.".
Al -Hashemi believes that Al -Baghdadi is the only person who can preserve the unity of the organization.Al -Alsun has reported unfounded news stating that Al -Baghdadi was injured, but it seems that he escaped death and adheres to life, although it has not appeared in public since his appearance in a mosque in early July 2014.
The Americans will not calm down until they could kill Al -Baghdadi, especially because they believe that he raped himself several times Kayla Muller, an employee of an American non -governmental relief organization, then ordered her to kill her in early 2015.
But even if they can kill him, and even if the organization's contract is overlooked, the Sunni dilemma in Iraq will not end.
The Islamic State has multiple plans and alternative lands that can choose from.At the present time, Libya is the most appropriate option to establish a state.In Libya, the chaos that characterizes the failed countries, or rather the "brutal", which the organization wants, and the road is paved for the jihadists' transfer to it, and the establishment of alliances with local militants and supporters of the previous angry regime, just like Iraq.
The organization announced its presence in Libya in its usual way, as a video broadcast in February 2015 showing the beheading of 21 Egyptian Coptic workers wearing orange jackets on a Libyan beach, and their blood mixed with the waters of the Mediterranean in a warning to the European "Crusader" countries on the opposite bank.
It is believed that the man who read the warning with his voice is the leader of the Islamic State in Libya, who is an Iraqi called Wissam Al -Zubaidi, and he was desired by Abu Nabil.By chance, Al -Zubaidi was killed in an American raid on the same day when the organization carried out terrorist operations in Paris, on November 13, 2015.
Then the organization sent a man named Abu Omar al -Janabi to succeed Al -Zubaidi, who is also an Iraqi who belonged to the Baath Party and has become famous for its skill in reaping the financial returns, and this indicates that the organization puts the oil installations in Libya in its eyes, given what the coalition raids had destroyed the oil fields thatThe organization was exploited in Iraq and Syria.
The United States and the allies were unable to stop the progress of the Islamic State in Libya, as it acquired vast areas of the coast around the city of Sirte in central Libya, which represented the late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi the same importance that Tikrit represented Saddam Hussein.
Another American air strike was killed in February Noureddine Shoshan, who was rumored to be a member of the Islamic State responsible for the bloody attacks on Western tourists in his mother country, Tunisia, which is adjacent to Libya.
With the lack of opportunities to reach a government of national unity in Libya to end the chaotic fragmentation and presenting actual partners there, these raids that are waged by the western powers frustrated from the place of Qusay, which the militants use as a viable means of recruitment, will remain the most that you can do, while the organization strikes its roots and expands inLibya.
There are areas with factors, which makes them fertile soil to recruit more militants, such as Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Somalia, wherever there are powerful countries and angry Muslims, there are opportunities for the Islamic State, to compete strongly with Al -Qaeda, whose illusion has diminished and its resolve diminished, so it is the same as the strongest competitors ofBetween jihadist groups.
This is in addition to the additional risk against the West, which is that this competition may be an incentive to launch terrorist attacks to draw attention, which Western countries realize that the organization has already started planning..
In the first eighteen months that followed the announcement of the "Islamic State" declaration, the number of foreign fighters who flocked to Syria and Iraq increased to join the ranks of the Mujahideen significantly..
According to the estimates of the Sofan Security Consulting Organization in New York City, the number of foreign Mujahideen reached 27 thousand fighters coming from 86 countries, more than half of them from countries in the Middle East and North Africa.
It is clear that the idea of the caliphate had a impact and attractiveness among these Mujahideen, despite the brutal processes that the organization is promoted publicly, which may have been the main reason for attracting some.
This is thanks to the superior skill that members of the organization enjoy in using the Internet and social media as a means of promotion, training and qualification.
Ten months after President Obama pledged to "weaken and then destroy the" Islamic State "in the end, Obama acknowledged in the unfortunate tone that the Islamic State" was effectively able to reach people who are easy to lure from the world even within the United States,It is able to recruit them, and the organization is currently targeting Muslim societies in the entire world..
The US President realized the main challenge he is facing, which is more severe in stages compared to the left task, which is to defeat the organization militarily..Obama said: "Idemologists are not defeated with weapons, but rather are defeated with better ideas, that is, a more attractive and persuasive vision.".
The problem is that when frustrating people look in the region around them, especially young people, or those who seek to achieve perfect goals, or the unemployed from the work of the bonds from the advent of a better tomorrow, they find only the small number of "best ideas" or attractive and convincing visions.
All they see is the ruins of the "Arab Spring", on which broad hopes were commented, but he soon broke them harshly.
The corrupt, brutal dictatorial regimes that received a strong slap from the "Arab Spring", either crushed and slid into the abyss of chaos and sectarian and tribal turmoil, as is the case in Syria, Libya, Yemen and Iraq (with a Western intervention), or returned again in it the "deep state" that the regimes were assigned toPrevious, perhaps it has become more severe than before, as is the case in Egypt, or more smooth, as in Tunisia.
While this invitation was resonated by many European jihadists for other reasons, social and economic factors played an important role in motivating some Arab jihadists to pursue extremism, and unless these factors are addressed, I continued to motivate more to pursue extremism.
Large numbers of foreign fighters who joined the ranks of the Islamic State from Tunisia, where a detailed opinion poll showed the most poor suburbs in the capital that the extremism of young people in those areas is not due to extremist Islamic ideology as much as it returns to unemployment, marginalization, and collision with the truth in the wake of a revolution they heldIt has all the hopes and dreams, but they did not get behind anything and were disappointed.
A rare opportunity had to look closely at the nature of people who volunteer in the ranks of the Islamic State when European media published in March a group believed to be "secret" files of the Islamic State that contain personal data for those who have been recruited.
The data recorded between 2013 and 2014 reveals the identity of members coming from at least 40 countries, and includes their names, addresses, phone numbers, and skills, which represents a treasure of information for the intelligence services that are trying to track down and prosecute citizens who joined the organization.
The organization also filled a large void behind the collapse of all political ideologies that have aroused the ire of the dreamers of change in the Arab world for decades..Many of them used to travel to the Soviet Union to receive training and higher education, but communism is currently seen as an idea that did not come to the desired fruits from it.
Socialism and Arab nationalism, which ignited the enthusiasm of many in the 1950s and sixties, turned into "brutal and corrupt republics" where the children were inheriting the ruling on their parents..
In light of this vacuum, the Islamic State took responsibility for punishing the West and everyone who does not fall under its banner has committed their work in the region over the past century:
- Dividing the colonial powers of lands 100 years ago, with a limit between Iraq and Syria, and the Islamic State is currently located.
- The emergence of the State of Israel in the shadow of the British Mandate of Palestine, and the United States' support for it later politically and financially along the line.
- The Western support, especially Russia, for corrupt and authoritarian Arab regimes.
- The invasion of the West and its destruction to Iraq, citing the ugly arguments, killing thousands of Iraqis.
- The assault on the prisoners in the two prisoners of Abu Gharib and Ghantanamo.
The roots of the Islamic State stems from the crisis of an understanding of the Islamic religion.
"The Islamic State is not an Islamic," President Obama said, echoing phrases that were reported by many Western leaders, saying, "The Islamic State has nothing to do with Islam.".
However, the Islamic State has to do with Islam.
"ISIS is based on Islamic texts, but they re -interpreted them to comply with their own vision of it..And I do not say that they do not derive their ideas from the Islamic impact, as this is a denial of the facts, but rather explain things an unusual explanation, and sometimes it is a literal interpretation, which is very similar to the interpretation of the Wahhabis..
Hisham Al -Hashemi, an expert on militant groups affairs, agrees with the opinion.
Al -Hashemi says that "the violent extremism that the Islamic State and Salafi jihadist groups are adopting, and even blesses it in the texts of Islamic law that the Islamic State and extremist groups are left to..It is the crisis of religious discourse, not the crisis of a barbaric group.The analysis of religious discourse and its placement on the correct path is more important in the stages of the militarily of the terrorist terrorist groups..
And because the ancient texts may be interpreted by extremists to find an excuse to cover up their atrocities, this does not necessarily offend the entire religion, just as Christianity is not reduced to the Inquisition that was aimed at fighting the heresy where the death penalty was burning a regular punishment.
The extremist ideas remain in the dark side of history and are forgotten until the time came, and here it is time for the Islamic State to go to light, with what happened in Afghanistan and Iraq and all the events that followed.
"Salafism struck its signs in the whole world, from Afghanistan, through Pakistan to the Arab countries.".
Mosully rejoices the Saudis because they have performed the middle democratic Islam in its cradle, and this means the "alternative Islamic discourse" of Salafism, which President Obama wants to see.
Al -Mawsali added, "The moderate Islamic model today is the model that the Muslim Brotherhood takes, which the Gulf states destroyed with their support for the authorities in Egypt," referring to the Egyptian army's overthrow of the elected President Mohamed Morsi, who belongs to the Muslim Brotherhood, in July 2013 afterWide protests against his rule.
He continued: "We have lost this opportunity in Egypt.Egypt could have paved the way for a real change in the region, but the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stood up without it with cunning and adults, and eliminated all the chances of changing Arab regimes to become more democratic and accept the peaceful transition of power.The Saudis do not want that..
The Wahhabi religious reference engraved in militancy and its continuous spread has raised doubts about its relationship with extremist groups abroad..It accuses her of its enemies and critics of being responsible for the production of a harmful and violent model of Wahhabism, from which extremists derive their ideas, and even accuse them of supporting the Islamic State and other militant Salafi groups..
But Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent Saudi journalist writer who spent time in Afghanistan and he knew bin Laden, says that this is simply not true..
He said: "We are fighting a war with the Islamic State, which considers us to be corrupt.".
He continued: "The Islamic State is a form of the Wahhabi thought that has been here since the thirties of the last century, but it returned to the fore again by besieging the Grand Mosque in Mecca in 1979 and spread here and there.However, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has never supported him, but rather as long as it sees that it represents a threat to the country.Therefore, it is true that Salafism may take a strict direction, just as the American right may produce some crazy fanatics..
Hundreds were killed after the siege that spanned for two weeks, when armed militants seized the Great Mosque of Mecca.
ISIS attacks recently targeted the Saudi security forces and the Shiite minority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Kingdom carried out deaths against arrested militants..Saudi Arabia adopts an effective program to rehabilitate extremists.
However, Khashoggi agrees that the kingdom committed a "grave mistake when it supported the overthrow of President Morsi and the followers of the movement, which would have prompted political Islam to push the arms of the militants.".
Khashoggi says: “The images of the Islamic State, Bin Laden, nor Al Qaeda were raised in Tahrir Square.It was an opportunity for a democratic transformation in the Middle East, but we committed historical foolishness, we all pay for it now..
But because of the excessive conservative trends that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is adopting, and its hatred of democracy, it has become a major goal for calls for the implementation of a reform process, perhaps far -reaching, within the Islamic religion as an integral part of the battle against the Islamic State and other extremist groups.
"We must accept the fact that there is a crisis within the Islamic religion," says one of the senior Sunni politicians in Iraq..
He added that "the Islamic State did not come from a vacuum.Look at the roots, people and ends.If you do not address the roots, the situation will be worse to become more dangerous.The entire world must eradicate the Islamic State, but a new deal should be reached, which is to reform in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Al -Azhar..
He continued: "You will not be able to kill all Muslims, you need Islamic reform.However, the Saudi and Qatari money keeps voices to make us stand idly.It is a curse that resolved the Arab world, a lot of oil and a lot of money..
The Islamic State has become at the heart of the rival ideas and visions in the region, that is, the strategic geopolitical conflict in the region, or the race of nations, in the wake of the disintegration of Syria and Iraq.
When the coalition, led by the United States of America in 2003, destroyed the wall that was standing in front of Iran, the Great Shiite Power in the region, which the Saudis see and their partners from the Sunni Gulf states that they have become a threat to them since the establishment of the Islamic Revolution in 1979.
Iran has been supporting the Iraqi Shiite factions against Saddam Hussein in exile.With the empowerment of the Shiite majority in Iraq after 2003, through these groups, Iran has an unprecedented influence on Iraqi politics.
The emergence of the threat of the Islamic State led to an increase in Iranian penetration by arming the popular crowd forces that came to defend, train and direct Baghdad to defend Baghdad and it..
"Without Iran, the democratic experience in Iraq would fail," says Hadi Al -Amiri, leader of the Iranian backed Badr Organization, one of the largest combat groups..
He continued: "Obama was covering up asleep, and he only agreed when the Islamic State reached the outskirts of Erbil, that he did nothing.Were it not for Iranian support, the Gulf region would have been the entirety, not only Iraq, under the control of the Islamic State..
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its allies see that the Iranian penetration in Iraq is a forefront of the establishment of a "Shiite Arc", linking Iran with Iraq and Syria, which is governed by the Alawite minority, and Lebanon subject to the domination of Hezbollah.
Since the outbreak of the war in Syria, the Saudis and their partners in the Gulf states and Turkey, the Sunni opposition, supported the hope that the overthrow of the Assad regime will lead to the establishment of the rule of the Sunni majority.
At that time, the Sunni axis from the north to the south of Turkey will be directed to Syria to Jordan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a severe blow to Iran's influence, they see..
This is what the Islamic State did to a large extent, in 2014, when he returned to Iraq and took control of Mosul and most of the Sunni areas of the country, and established a Sunni entity that includes the boundary between Iraq and Syria, which suddenly became inappropriate, with Syria, to serve as a barrier that separates the partsShiite from Iraq on Syria.
If the Islamic State had stopped there and established its feet, who would have been shaken by it?If he had not launched an attack on the Kurds, the Americans would not have intervened.If the Russian passenger plane would not land and did not carry out the Paris attacks, Russia and France would not have intensified their military operations against the Islamic State.
"If they had not become global terrorists, and they continued to carry out internal terrorist acts, they would have helped implement the original agenda that aims to divide the Arab East.".
Perhaps we will never know why they do these actions.Perhaps the hostile model of Salafism must continue to move without interruption, in order to continue and expand.
Is it possible that if they retract their position and settled in their "state" (i.e. what they call the Islamic state), and stop the people around them, that they then meet the people, as happened with Iran, after what it witnessed from a massive revolution and international isolation?
This matter is unlikeForming in response to terrorist attacks.
But what is the alternative then?In light of a problem in collecting highly efficient land forces, is it possible that Iran -supported the crowd forces control Mosul and the Syrian regime forces supported by Iran, Russia or other groups such as the Kurds on the slavery, with the knowledge of the Americans and their participation?Have the enmity of the Americans to the Islamic State reached an end that affects them to see the Iranians as they simplify them in logic?Will the Saudis and Turks agree to that?
There are no healing answers to any of the challenges presented by the Islamic State in all aspects of the crisis that ISIS gathered in an interlocking relationship.
That is why the remaining state was left.
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