Elaf from Dubai: The world after Wednesday, March 14, 2018 changed the world before it. On this day, the well-known British physicist Stephen Hawking passed away at the age of 76, most of which he spent in a wheelchair due to lateral sclerosis, and was free-thinking, searching for the reasons for the emergence and development of this universe.
The British newspaper "The Guardian" quoted Hawking's children in the morning as saying: "We are very sad that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist, and a rare person, whose work and legacy will remain with us for many years."
They added: "Stephen Hawking's courage, perseverance, abilities and rare sense of humor have inspired people all over the world."
In memory of Galileo
The late Hawking, a theoretical physicist, was born in Oxford on April 8, 1942, on the 103rd anniversary of the death of the great astronomer Galileo.
At the age of eight, he attended Albans School and remained there until he reached the undergraduate level, then he moved to Oxford University, intending to study mathematics. His father was a lecturer in the Faculty of Human Medicine at the same university, and due to the lack of a mathematics education department at the time, Hawking preferred to study physics and obtained a first degree in natural science.
Subsequently, he moved to Cambridge to present research on cosmology under the supervision of Dennis Schema. After receiving his Ph.D., Hawking became the first senior scholar at Caius College and Gonville. He worked at the Institute of Astrophysics until 1973, then moved to the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in 1979, and remained a scientist there until 2009.
In a wheelchair
He was twenty years old, a student at Oxford, when he began to stumble a lot in his walking, and fell to the ground for no reason. About a year later, he developed ALS, leaving him confined to a wheelchair, unable to move. Doctors decided at the time that this was a very serious disease, and Hawking would not live more than two years. This was wrong, as he lived to this day, 76 years old.
In 1985, he contracted severe pneumonia, and underwent surgery on his throat. However, knowledge helped him. American engineer Walt Waltz developed a complex digital system that allows Hawking to express his thoughts by writing the required words on a computer screen. Then another expert developed a more sophisticated program and attached it to the wheelchair.
Disabled from thinking, while he was in his wheelchair, he produced theoretical research in cosmology, the relationship between black holes and thermodynamics, and the time series. He also simplified the complex concepts of physics for everyone to understand, collaborating with his daughter, the novelist Lois, to write children's books that simplify the science of the universe in a dramatic way.
In 2007, he performed a zero-gravity experiment from his wheelchair for the first time in four decades. This experiment was carried out by a modified Boeing 727 flying at an altitude of 32,000 feet at an acute angle, and then descending to an altitude of 8,000 feet to undergo a zero-gravity experience for 25 seconds.
The infinite universe
Hawking cooperated with Jim Hartl in developing the "unlimited universe" theory, which modified the old perception of the moment of the Big Bang about the creation of the universe, in addition to not contradicting the fact that the universe is a regular and closed system.
Hawking was distinguished by his many theories. He provided scientific explanations for black holes in cooperation with Brandon Carter, Werner Israel and David Robinson. He provided mathematical proof from John Wheeler to describe a black hole by three properties of "mass, angular momentum and electric charge", and proposed four laws of mechanics. Black hole, modeled after the four classical laws of thermodynamics, from the analysis of gamma-ray emissions. He also suggested that primordial or "mini black holes" formed after the Big Bang.
In 1971, he issued his theory that proves Einstein's general theory of relativity, that black holes or stars collapse due to gravity, and he proved it mathematically.
In 1974, he and Jacob Bachstein showed that black holes are not actually completely black, but rather emit subatomic particles known today as thermal "Hawking radiation" that black holes emit as a result of quantum phenomena.
Two important theories
In the last decade, it was dominated by two important theories: the first is the fear of artificial intelligence on humans, and the second is the fear for the future of the Earth and the call for exploring other planets to which one can migrate. Since 2015, he has always warned of the danger of artificial intelligence to the human race, it is very likely that robots will replace humans in a few years, explaining that the human development of robots and computers will eventually lead to the production of a new form of high-tech life, in which it excels. the machine on the people who made it.
He said: "If some have succeeded in producing malicious viruses, then there are those who have developed artificial intelligence systems that improve themselves and learn constantly, and I do not see a fundamental difference between what the human brain does and what the computer can achieve, and I expect machines to outperform us in the future, In order to achieve gender efficiency, it is possible that we humans will no longer be able to run the planet.”
He continued: "We have reached a dangerous juncture, and we cannot go back to what was before it. The planet Earth has become very small in relation to the people themselves, especially since the world's population is increasing at an alarming rate, and we threaten ourselves with the danger of self-destruction, which makes us in dire need of More young people interested in space exploration, so we can colonize other habitable planets and save species."
another resort
Also in 2015, Hawking gave Earth's population 100 years to seek refuge other than Earth, asking humans to search for an alternative planet if they wanted to live, due to climate change and stellar attacks that might target our planet, epidemics and population growth.
He predicted that man should leave Earth and settle on another planet in this universe, or on board a spaceship, issuing the following warning: "If humans do not become a multi-planetary race and settle in other worlds, humanity may perish within the next century."
In July 2017, he warned that humanity would destroy its land and turn it into a burning fireball within the next 600 years, as the increase in population numbers and the increase in energy demand leads to a catastrophe on the planet that turns it into a "ball of flame", due to the temperature rising to 250 degrees Celsius, and sulfur precipitation.
Last November, he predicted that the Earth would fall short of population growth by the year 2600, announcing that the Earth's population would double every 40 years. Also, the increased consumption of energy will change the color of our planet from blue to red.
than not
In Hawking's latest eulogy that surprised the world, it begins with what he states as an unequivocal truth: "Nothing existed before the Big Bang." This theory says that the entire universe began as a point of expansion since then, especially since the only reason that drives this universe to feel so vast is that it took 13.8 billion years to become the shape we know now.
Hawking did not fully explain where the first point of the universe came from in the first place. This is a vexing and confusing issue, especially when he says, "It replaces ordinary real time with imaginary time that acts as the fourth dimension of space," approaching the subject by offering a detailed analogy to the matter, i.e. comparing space-time to any continuous and curved surface, such as that of the Earth.
Hawking adds: "There is nothing south of the South Pole, and the same principle applies to the universe. There was nothing before the Big Bang."
in politics and religion
He has distinguished views on religion and politics. In religion, he considered the concept of paradise to be a myth, declaring that there is no heaven or afterlife, and that these matters are only stories and superstitious ideas for those who fear the dark.
He stated on a program shown by the Discovery Channel in 2011, saying: "We all have the freedom to believe what we want, and from my point of view the simplest explanation is the absence of God, no one created the universe and no one directs our destiny, and this leads me to a deep realization, perhaps There is no heaven or afterlife alike."
As for politics, in 1968 he participated in protests alongside Vanessa Redgrave and Tariq Ali against the Vietnam War, and consistently supported the British Labor Party. In 2003, he declared the invasion of Iraq a war crime, and in 2013 he boycotted a conference held in Israel due to his fears of Israel's policies towards the Palestinian people, and participated in a campaign for nuclear disarmament.
Abominable and reprehensible
On February 17, 2014, Hawking appealed to the world to save the children of Syria, including those whose limbs were amputated due to the lack of basic medical tools, while the world watched.
He added: "We see in Syria modern technology in the form of bombs, chemicals and other weapons, to achieve the so-called smart political ends, but it is not smart to watch the killing of more than 100,000 people or targeting children. Rather, it seems pure stupidity, and even worse than That is, when humanitarian supplies are denied access to medical clinics, when children are amputated for lack of basic medical equipment and tools, and newborn babies die in incubators due to power outages.”
Hawking confirmed that what is happening in Syria is reprehensible and hateful, and the world is watching it coldly. He asked, "Where is our emotional intelligence? Where is our sense of collective justice?"
At that time, Hawking stressed the need to work together to end this war and protect the children of Syria. .
Books and decorations
Hawking has written many books: A Brief History of Time; black holes and emerging universes; the universe in a walnut shell; standing on the shoulders of giants; brief history of time; God created the numbers; great design; My brief history.
His most famous book is A Brief History of Time, in which he simplifies complex concepts in physics, from Aristotle to Stephen Weinberg. It entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most widespread, translated into about 40 languages, and turned into a movie by Steven Spielberg in 1991.
Hawking received 12 awards, including: the Order of the British Empire (1982), the Order of Companions of Honor (1989), and was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
The story of his life became the subject of the 2014 film The Theory of Everything, starring Eddie Redmayne.
