If you want to search for a file on your computer;You just click.And with each one click;It gives one order to the processing units to start working to give you the result - the required file, the processor performs accounts one by one.But if we imagine that you are also giving one thing, or complex orders at the same time, but here processing units do complex operations at one time to find what you want, how quickly and accurately the result will appear?
Simply;We are talking here about "Quantum Computing";Perhaps the most famous positions associated with its concept when Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was asked in one of the press interviews on the difference between regular and quantitative computers;His answer was from a person who is not specialized in quantity;It is that the difference lies in the system in which both types work.
The ordinary computer works with a binary system (0 and 1) gives one correct answer, and the quantum computer works with complex and multiple systems of processes that can be performed at one time according to the principles of quantum theory.
Quantum
قبل الحديث عن أي شيء؛ يجب أن نعي تمامًا أننا نتحدث عن قوانين وأنظمة تعمل في عالم متناهي الصغر في المادة؛ هو العالم دون الذرّي. فQuantum؛ هي مجموعة النظريات التي حاولت تفسير المشاكل المعقدة في الفيزياء، وهي امتداد وتطور لقوانين للفيزياء الكلاسيكية المعروفة.
This concept began to appear at the beginning of the twentieth century;After formulating the theory of selection of the physicists of the century;Such as "Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Brujli, Niles Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrudeneger, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and other physicists."
Each of them had his theory of matter, and therefore each of them became his own interpretation of the material under quantum theory.But what we care about today in the quantity are the principles of overlap and overlap in the atom that the theory explains.
Simply;The "Superposition" is a condition in which the "particle" is taken in the atom two different positions at the same time.
As for "interference";It is a more comprehensive concept that stipulates that the initial particles cannot exist in more than one place at the same time through overlap;Rather, light individual particles such as photons;It can cross its own path, and interfere with the direction of its course.
Also read: Copenhagen interpretation: wave function and its collapse
The idea of quantum computing was amazed by the minds of scientists about 50 years ago, as the principle of its work is taking place in the world, the micro of the material in accordance with the principles of quantum mechanics.
Just as the quantum theory was formulated to solve the complex problems that the theories are unable to do the traditional to solve them;The quantum computer is also designed to find a way to solve certain types of issues or possibilities that cannot be solved with regular computers, and for complex mathematical operations.
The speed of performing many operations inside the computers is very large, as the speed of operations in regular computers exceeds 3600 times.This speed provides an opportunity for searches or finding a solution inside the quantitative computer to choose the correct answers;Where these operations are carried out through the "Quantum Interfernce" process.
In regular computers;It is called the smallest, information, processing, or transmission units of data and information, which is the basic unit of information in computers and digital communications.
The term "bit" expresses bilateral numbers in the "Binary Digit" system;It is practically an electric pulse that takes mathematical values either (0 or 1), or sometimes expresses it (yes, no) or (right, wrong).
Inside regular computers;Operations or data processing are performed by giving one value to BIT either (0 or 1) at any specific time to solve or address any problem to give only one result or possibility.
In quantum computers, the normal BIT is converted into "Quantum Bit", which is known as "Qubit", where it becomes the quantum information unit in quantum computers.The cube works according to the principle of "Superposition", which is shown by quantum theory;It can store two values (0 and 1) together.
Because of the overlays of the two values or the two possibilities (0 and 1) in the one cube;This allows two or several possibilities at one time.Therefore, it improves the performance and speed of the quantum computing process.
As for the creation or manufacture of "Qubit" itself;We need to find an interaction between the well -known photons that do not interact with each other.But we can complete this reaction;If rare atoms are used for materials that are cooled for very low temperatures, which work to find ultra -connecting materials that allow the entire electrical current to pass through without any electrical resistance.
And in a development, it may be the best;A research team of physicists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT;For a new technology, it creates a reaction between photons in natural temperatures using silicone crystals in specific patterns.
Google's research team used a row from nine solid cubes, made of phthalmas, which are about 400 micrometers that arrive from one end to another, where they are placed on the Sapphire surface. These surfaces are controlled materials at the level of the atom in order to prepare them to become a brick or basic pillar of the materials on which they are planted. For example, these industries that depend on these surfaces; It is the optical industry such as the LED or what is known as "Light Emitting Diode", nanoparticles, or any other material made with nanotechnology, or the integrated circuits industry, and many other scientific applications.
The researchers cool the aluminum to a very low degree of up to 0.02 degrees Kelvin (equivalent to 273.13 - degrees Celsius) as the metal turned into a super connecting material for the electrical current (it has no electrical resistance).The information can then be coded in the cubes in a highly connected condition.
Interactions between adjacent cubes are controlled by logical gates that directly direct the cube to a situation in which it can encrypt the solution to any problem to be solved.As the researchers explained the method of work;They give the instructions to arrange the cubes to simulate a row of magnetic atoms in a state of rotation.Through this characteristic;Cyeptic can be a way to determine the cases of mass atoms rotation;Especially with a few energy.
Google and Microsoft began working on developing Cannotic computers in 2014, and in 2016;A team of scientists from California and Spain began making a demo model for a quantitative computer that can solve a wide range of problems in areas such as chemistry and physics, and has the ability to expand its scope to larger systems.
The IBM and the Canadian company "IBM" and the Canadian company "D-WAVE" have created a kind of experimental quantity that works using various methods that are not easily developed, or add more quantum (Cubit) bits needed to solve problems that cannotTraditional computer solve it.
This quantum computer is the first commercial devices made by the company "D - Wave" in Bourneby, British Columbia, which is sold for about $ 15 million per computer.This device is owned by Google;It depends on the approach or analog method known as AQC;We will explain it later.
In the Google Research Laboratory in Santa Barbara, California, in conjunction with a team of physicists at the University of California, Santa Barbara, the Basque University in Bilbao, Spain;The researchers there created a quantitative computers model that combines two -style -style -styles for quantum computing.
Approach - style - the first is based on a lot of quantum computing theory;It includes methods to correct errors that may lead to disrupting any mathematical process.This approach can only be implemented with a large group of cubes.
This approach to building the digital circuits of the computer using quantum bits;Where he puts it in certain arrangements and directed to solve a specific problem.This approach is similar or similar to a digital circle specifically designed in traditional micro -bit -bit.
Another approach is called "Adiabatic Quantum Computing", or AQC.In this approach;The computer is based on the principle of encrypting a specific problem in a group of quantum bits, and then gradually develops by adjusting the interactions between these bits to form the "collective quantity state" required for the computer to reach one solution.
Rami Barends, a member of the Google Research Team, says:
The Google can also deal with the so-called "Non-Stoquast", which classic computers cannot deal with.These problems include the quantum computer capacity to simulate the interactions that arise between many molecules, materials and electrons at the quantum level, which can be one of the most valuable applications in quantum computing.
Daniel Lidar, a member of the research team, also says:
Just as the device that Google made is still a very big model, except that within two years;Combinant computers can become larger as they will exceed 40 Cubits.In this case;It will be possible to simulate the quantum movement that cannot be seen or accessed on classic computers, and that step will be the extent of the superiority of the quantity.
Perhaps I was very excited about the idea of acquiring one of these computers, especially if you are a researcher in the complex areas that the quantum computers will solve - unless you remember their high price - but despite their capabilities and design;However, they are limited products that are still completely experimental, and they are not available to ordinary users as the case of regular computers;Where its manufacturing technique must be under certain circumstances to do it properly.
Also from the uniqueness or feature of quantum computers is that computer chips themselves despite their small size;It depends on large cooling systems, vicious rooms or other huge equipment to maintain the exact quantitative properties of the cubes in them.Thus, what is related to quantum computers so far and in the near future, it will be limited to specialized laboratories only.
آخر تحديث: 23/07/2017تقنيةحوسبة كموميةفيزياء
