The book “From the Text to the Interconnected Text .. Introduction to the aesthetics of interactive creativity” by Moroccan writer and researcher “Said Qatin”, issued by the “Arab Cultural Center in 2005 on a basic thesis that the employment of a new tool for communication leads to finding new forms for this communication, while the tool isHere it is "the computer", and the form is "interactive creativity".
To clarify the title of the distinctive book in its presentation, as it may raise some questions of the reader, we say that the “interconnected text” is the text that resulted from the use of computers and its advanced software that enables the production of the text and its reception in how to build on the “linking” between the internal and external structures of the text.
As for the aesthetics, the second part, entitled the book, it is what relates to artistic forms, pictures and aesthetic and social dimensions. Interactive creativity is the sum of creations (and literature among the most prominent) that were generated with the employment of the computer, and they did not exist before that, or developed from old forms, but it was taken with the computerNew photos of production and reception.
Returning to the “interconnected text”, we find that the researcher “Nelson” has invented the concept and employed it to indicate a “text” that has specifications that differ from the accepted text, and by entering the adhesive Hyper on it he was numbered to the new element that was introduced to him by controlling his relationship with other texts by linksSo, he gained the suitability that determines the nature of this text and its distinction from other texts, by the dimension that he added, and the mediator through which it is achieved.
It is also possible to search in the concept of “interconnected text” based on the factors according to the book.The second: The connection of the text connected to the computer (the new mediator through which this text is achieved).
The book also emphasizes that the practice of the interconnected text is not only the result of today, as the texts of the interconnected text were achieved in other periods of the history and receiving the text, but attention to the nature of the interconnected text came and parallel to the use of the computer;Because it is different from the media that a person used (tongue, writing).It cannot be imagined that the text that created man in the past was written or not based on interconnection, for interdependence in the text is a human trait;Because it embodies one of the most important ingredients for the text, which manifests itself in the fact that any text is a meeting place for multiple text marks (textual interaction).
The author, "Saeed Quttan", believes that writing the text that is interconnected in our Arab culture is still very limited, but rather is like a lack, and it has many restrictions that still reduce the importance of moving to it in awareness and practice.
This seems to us clearly in Arabic software and Arab sites on the Internet;In its entirety, it still belongs to the simple type of the interconnected text, and it is yet to rise to the compound or network type, which is considered the true and optimal embodiment of the interconnected text.
The reason for this, in the opinion of the author, is due to our delay in understanding the text from a new perspective, despite the emergence of Arabic literature that means the desire to develop our perception of the text;Because Arab literary and linguistic theories were not founded on a basis that believes in accumulation and practical and experimental research, so if we stand at one appearance to present a picture of the reality of Arabic writing, we can say in general that it is closer to the oral than it to the rules of modern writing and its controls, based on that writing as we imagine of two typesThe first: from it is based on digression, and the second: on the organization.
Writing in general is in general, as the book is presented, as many articles are almost a retreat from the main and subsidiary titles, and from distribution to interconnected and sequence paragraphs, and from an introduction and a summary.
As for the organized writing, it is the one that can be controlled without any effort, as it is the opposite of the editorial writing, it is built according to a precise methodology in which the later is interconnected, and it has results of results, and all of this is provided through a hierarchical or hierarchical structure that facilitates the process of reading and understanding without stress or re -reading.This method, as the author sees, is the result of traditions of thinking and a rule at work.
We can say, according to the book, that the appropriate entrance to the transition to “interconnection” passes through the transition from the editorial writing to organized writing, and this is the first change that can affect the traditions of Arabic writing;Because it will be a change of customs in reading and writing together: writing the summary, organizing the paragraphs of the text, caring for building ideas and their sequence from the introduction to installation.
This interdependence is achieved in multiple forms that differ in different ages, creative forms and media, which is if in the pre -electronic e -era spontaneously, then with the interactive media it has become intended for itself, and related to the nature of the employee of its production and reception.
We start from the interdependence as a fundamental feature in any text, the text interacts with other texts, but this reaction is achieved by links, these links take after the formal indicators as they are called in analyzing the formulas of narrative discourse;Because it is the one that indicates the transition from the rhetorical or text structure to another.
These release indicators may be as the author calls it: a phenomenon, and in this case it takes a verbal dimension: such as the phrase “the narrator said” in the popular biography, or takes a symbolic dimension (the sided arc, the crescent ...), or guaranteed: because it does not adopt any link indicator that reaches the structuresText together, such as: return to the line, white, change the size of the font.These links in the "interconnected text" are not these "firm indicators", but they take a different image;Because the new broker gave her new possibilities.
The first thing that the author aims in his book is to renew the consideration of the text, especially the Arab text, old and modern;This is because thinking about "interconnection" reveals to us a new horizon in the analysis of the text, and theoretical research in the how to practice "links" that link its various sections and parts.
This requires a review of the methods of textual analysis that was devoted in the modern era and is still the prevailing model, that is, the necessity of moving to (computing) the Arab text is old and modern, and this will only take place with a new awareness of the text, i.e. awareness of the "textual interdependence" in general and private.
In this regard, the writer indicates that we are delayed in the production of "interactive literature" (and from there the interconnected text) is not due to the delay in our dealings with the computer, nor until we did not practice the wrong creativity, but to the delay of our awareness of "interconnection" as a fundamental feature in the text, i.e.text.
And when the author stresses the importance of "calculation" of the Arab text, because it starts from the following data:
- It is not possible to rise to the text of the text without knowing the methods and methods of producing and receiving the interconnected text, or the nature of this text, its privacy, and awareness in theoretical and practical.
- The process of "auditing the Arab text" is necessary to make this text subject to receiving through the investment of the interactive media, which is the primary mediator today and when production and reception.
The process of approval here must be compared to the process of "printing" the Arabic manuscript, just as the manuscript printing in a new way that continues the development of printing technology or to the emergence of the science of "achieving" the text to make it capableProviding the old and modern Arabic text necessarily requires the emergence of sciences concerned with the interconnected text.
Whenever we deal with the interconnection in the text, and with the interconnected text, we are late in producing the text of the future (even if the text is old), which is the text that is interconnected in its close relationship with the computer and with the interactive media.
From the interconnected text, we go to the text to return from it again to the interconnected text in continuous courses based on the fact that interconnection is a fundamental feature in any text, and that holding it is the guarantor of making us able to renew the production of the text and receive it whatever the interconnection that this text (which is achieved by the computer) orThat was accomplished in the stages of oral and written.
The author believes that the Arabic novel has developed a lot during the twentieth century, and invested the overall forms of ancient Arab narration, as it benefited from the various experiences of the Western novel and its technologies, as it embraced the issues of society in its transformations and its process, and expressed many angles, and stormed many areas that have not been expressedIn other types or races or in previous periods, but the bet is now in the opinion of “Saeed Quttin”, and the Arab novelist must achieve it is to move to a new understanding of “interaction”, which is intended to practice real awareness of “interaction” in all its levels.
The entrance to this is that the narrative experience is reading a critical reading by the creator himself.And that is through first: keeping pace with the global creative experience, and represents the positive from it based on its contact with the era and its living issues and its development on the technical level, and the status of the ongoing transformations in mind, whether at the Arab or international level on the other hand.
The closure of the self and the lack of identification of various experiences and the changes that occur to it cannot fertilize the Arab narrative experience, or give it new blood to continue and renew.Also, interaction with reality and heritage in its various aspects creatively and creatively will overcome the achievement, and open new doors for adventure and experimentation, as the author asserts.
The author demands that the writer be transcended, which is urgently presents, it is the image of the writer and critic who is still afraid of technology infection, or considers it an overwhelming thing that has no value.The writers, artists, scholars, and critics of these new media in theory and application can only be talking about the blockage of horizons, the horizons of creativity and the theory open to the times and the capabilities that are referred to it, and the abundant means.
The Arabic language is the language of poetry, for its beauty and genius that is not hidden from the knowledgeable, which is the basic tool for poetic saying and the history of Arab poetry is long and ancient and it is full of distinguished poetic experiences that can form the basic balance of any poet.
From that, the author begins, stressing that the Arab poetic experience can develop if its dimensions are completed and the dimensions and the other are absence, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it worked to benefit from what the interacting media provides to it from the mock, visual and sound capabilities.If this is the best investment in the best way, it can give rich capabilities to creativity and production.
The feasibility of computers and network space is summarized in developing this poetic experience in the fact that the interactive media reduces all the poetic eras that poetry has made from the oral moment to written, and what accompanies each stage of possibilities.
In the interactive media, we can marry between the oral chanting or written (visual formation) and all the sound, musical and photo capabilities related to it.Also, dealing with the mesh space helps to receive regardless of the place of the poet or the user, and thus can be identified at the time.
Modern Arab poetry has gone through many phases, and perhaps in its transition to the electronic phase, what “helps” poetry to storm new spaces for creativity and communication, this, of course, if it is based on creativity in its integration and interaction, and an accurate understanding of it.
A final word related to poetic criticism remains, which the book refers to, which is that in turn (i.e. criticism) is forced to scrutinize its tools and determine its new perceptions of poetry;Because what the poetic electronic text will be asked is more complex than those that our old critics faced in its oral and written phase.
The author believes that the process of achieving the transition to a better level with regard to translation and the practice of interdependence passes through: awareness of the importance of translation in the era of the information revolution, and the sense of the weakness of the Arabic language at this level compared to other languages, and that translating this awareness into a work carried out by various scientific and governmental institutions.
The author presents the most important requirements for dealing with translation in the presence of interactive media: the industry of public and private dictionaries, the manufacture of bilateral and multi -language dictionaries, the transition from paper publishing to electronic, and the software industry.
He believes that planning to achieve these goals is enough to develop translation, that is, achieving interdependence, with the world by solving the language problem, and thus the real "interaction" occurs with the world that we are still living on its margin.
The interconnected text programs provide multiple types of texts that mastered programmers and those working in them in creating different methods of textual interconnection, the author stopped at the most important of them:
1 - Swimming: It is equivalent to the system of echo or heart of the pages in the printed book, and if we consider the book page like the page that appears on the screen, the transition on other pages is only done by clicking on the bottom of the page or clicking on two opposite triangles, one of which is pointed to the previous page and the otherThe next page.
2 - Al -Shajri: Information provides us with the type of tree -interconnected text, organized at levels that take a hierarchical dimension that starts from the original and descends towards the branches under it, and this type allows the reader to move in the course of the material according to the path drawn by the author, by turning from a higher level on anotherThe lower, or vice versa if the reader does not want to take into account the arrangement of the materials.
3 - Al -Najmi: This type is taken in the form of the "star" that is located in the axis of a circle, and it revolves in its orbit other stars.This type is usually in the interconnected text with an introductory dimension or based on determining the connotations of words or concepts, where a set of concepts is considered in the light of a comprehensive concept that regulates it all, so the central concept becomes a low central "knot" on a sub -contract.
4 - The combination type: This text provides a complex architectural structure that is not subject to any written system that can be followed by its paths, as we find in the previous three types, it includes a limited number of contract.And the total possible paths that make up a limited planning to be counted, and this multiple synthesis provides a set of links that give the user multiple capabilities to choose and move.
This combination type provides greater possibilities for interacting compared to the previous species;Because the user must choose the direction in which he is moving from multiple directions.
5 - The dialectical type: a special type with a combination of the combination and networking type, and it allows the reader to choose the box that will be transmitted by clicking on its address, so it opens a knot, and based on it it can move between the text contract, and so on ..., but the schedule of the khans remains for himThe "helm" of the launch and return, so that it does not remain lost among the maze of the text.
6 - The bonding and network type: This type rises more than others on an advanced basis than the expanded relationships between its various elements and components, and the user only has to choose the relationships that he wants to establish between the different contracts, as well as the infinite links between the various materials, and according to the intention that he wants.This type is the most interactive, dynamic and branched;Therefore, the writer called it "interconnected text" or the bonding type or network because it is more like a network.
The author also explains two ways to move from the interconnected text (between his contract and his links): The first: roaming: It is a transition between the contract without set goals or a goal other than roaming to spend time or satisfy curiosity by moving within the interconnected text contract, and the second is sailing: that is, the transition from the knotTo another by links for a specific purpose, is to search for specific things.
The “Treasury” writing is achieved through:
- One of the programs that includes these jobs that allow interconnection, and for the writer to employ them in the text, it is necessary to have the intention that the writer decides in advance that he will write a bound text, and this means that he will work hard to organize the structures of the text that is written according to this system that allows the reader to transfer withinThe text accordingly.
- The organization, which begins through a "planning" prepared by the writer, through which he determines the map of the text, its various contracts, its ramifications, and its compatriots according to its own way that it follows in building its interconnected text;To make a system on which various links are going to be integrated, and lead to each other in a totally and not only unilateral manner.
- The achievement, and it is connected to the last stage, where all the text structures are prepared to be activated by the program that allows us to determine the field of links, and make them workable and not vulnerable to obstruction, whatever the emergency, which seems to us by marking specific words or sentences in a different or distinctive color at the end of the processAchievement.
